High Levels of PCB and p,p0- DDE Found in the Blubber of Killer Whales (Orcinus orca)

DDT and PCB in marine animals from Swedish waters. Nature 224, 247. Kannan, K., Tanabe, S., Ramesh, A., Subramanian, A. N. and Tatsukawa, R. (1992a) Persistent organochlorines in foodstu€s from India and their implications on human dietary exposure. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40, 518±524. Kannan, K., Falandysz, J., Yamashita, N., Tanabe, S. and Tatsukawa, R. (1992b) Temporal trends of persistent organochlorine residues in cod-liver oils from the southern Baltic Proper, 1971±1989. Marine Pollution Bulletin 24, 358±363. Martineau, D., Beland, P., Desjardins, C. and Lagace, A. (1987) Levels of organochlorine chemicals in tissues of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 16, 137± 147. Muir, D. C. G., Norstrom, R. J. and Simon, M. (1988) Organochlorine contaminants in Arctic marine food chains: accumulation of speci®c polychlorinated biphenyls and chlordane-related compounds. Environmental Science and Technology 2, 1071± 1079. Murphy, P. G. (1972) Sulfuric acid for the cleanup of animal tissues for analysis of acid-stable chlorinated hydrocarbon residues. Journal of Association of Ocial Analytical Chemists 55, 1360±1362. Reijnders, P. J. H. (1986) Reproductive failure in common seals feeding on ®sh from polluted coastal waters. Nature 324, 456±457. Sawhney, B. L. (1986) Chemistry and properties of PCBs in relation to environmental e€ects. In PCBs and the Environment, ed. J. S. Waid, vol. 1, pp. 48±61. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Swart, R. L., Ross, P. S., Vedder, L. J., Timmermann, H. H., Heisterkamp, S., Loveren, H. V., Vos, J. G., Reijnders, P. J. H. and Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. (1994) Impairment of immune function in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) feeding on ®sh from polluted waters. Ambio 23, 155±159. Tanabe, S., Tatsukawa, R., Tanaka, H., Maruyama, K., Miyazaki, N. and Fujiyama, T. (1981) Distribution and total burdens of chlorinated hydrocarbons in bodies of striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 45, 2569±2578. Wagemann, R. and Muir, D. C. G. (1984) Concentrations of heavy metals and organochlorines in marine mammals of northern waters: overview and evaluation. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1272, 97.